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Instadapp v2 UPDATE

72%

Previous versions

Process Quality Review (0.7)

Instadapp v2 UPDATE

Final score:72%
Date:21 Sep 2021
Audit Process:version 0.7
Author:Nick of DeFiSafety
PQR Score:72%

PASS

Protocol Website:instadapp.io

Scoring Appendix

The final review score is indicated as a percentage. The percentage is calculated as Achieved Points due to MAX Possible Points. For each element the answer can be either Yes/No or a percentage. For a detailed breakdown of the individual weights of each question, please consult this document.

The blockchain used by this protocol
Arbitrum
Ethereum
Polygon
#QuestionAnswer
100%
1.100%
2.100%
3.Yes
4.100%
5.Yes
69%
6.Yes
7.Yes
8.80%
9.0%
10.40%
23%
11.0%
12.30%
13.Yes
14.0%
15.0%
16.100%
94%
17.100%
18.50%
57%
19.40%
20.90%
21.90%
22.0%
Total:72%

Very simply, the audit looks for the following declarations from the developer's site. With these declarations, it is reasonable to trust the smart contracts.

  • Here is my smart contract on the blockchain
  • You can see it matches a software repository used to develop the code
  • Here is the documentation that explains what my smart contract does
  • Here are the tests I ran to verify my smart contract
  • Here are the audit(s) performed to review my code by third party experts

This report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice of any kind, nor does it constitute an offer to provide investment advisory or other services. Nothing in this report shall be considered a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any security, token, future, option or other financial instrument or to offer or provide any investment advice or service to any person in any jurisdiction. Nothing contained in this report constitutes investment advice or offers any opinion with respect to the suitability of any security, and the views expressed in this report should not be taken as advice to buy, sell or hold any security. The information in this report should not be relied upon for the purpose of investing. In preparing the information contained in this report, we have not taken into account the investment needs, objectives and financial circumstances of any particular investor. This information has no regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any specific recipient of this information and investments discussed may not be suitable for all investors.

Any views expressed in this report by us were prepared based upon the information available to us at the time such views were written. The views expressed within this report are limited to DeFiSafety and the author and do not reflect those of any additional or third party and are strictly based upon DeFiSafety, its authors, interpretations and evaluation of relevant data. Changed or additional information could cause such views to change. All information is subject to possible correction. Information may quickly become unreliable for various reasons, including changes in market conditions or economic circumstances.

This completed report is copyright (c) DeFiSafety 2023. Permission is given to copy in whole, retaining this copyright label.

Code And Team

100%

This section looks at the code deployed on the Mainnet that gets reviewed and its corresponding software repository. The document explaining these questions is here.

1. Are the executing code addresses readily available? (%)

Answer: 100%

They are available at website https://docs.instadapp.io/networks/mainnet, as indicated in the Appendix.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Clearly labelled and on website, docs or repo, quick to find
70%
Clearly labelled and on website, docs or repo but takes a bit of looking
40%
Addresses in mainnet.json, in discord or sub graph, etc
20%
Address found but labeling not clear or easy to find
0%
Executing addresses could not be found

2. Is the code actively being used? (%)

Answer: 100%

Activity is 12 transactions a day on contract 0x2971AdFa57b20E5a416aE5a708A8655A9c74f723, as indicated in the Appendix.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
More than 10 transactions a day
70%
More than 10 transactions a week
40%
More than 10 transactions a month
10%
Less than 10 transactions a month
0%
No activity

3. Is there a public software repository? (Y/N)

Answer: Yes

Is there a public software repository with the code at a minimum, but also normally test and scripts. Even if the repository was created just to hold the files and has just 1 transaction, it gets a "Yes". For teams with private repositories, this answer is "No"

Score Guidance:
Yes
There is a public software repository with the code at a minimum, but also normally test and scripts. Even if the repository was created just to hold the files and has just 1 transaction.
No
For teams with private repositories.

4. Is there a development history visible? (%)

Answer: 100%

There are 431 commits and 4 branches, making Instadapp's repository healthy.

This metric checks if the software repository demonstrates a strong steady history. This is normally demonstrated by commits, branches and releases in a software repository. A healthy history demonstrates a history of more than a month (at a minimum).

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Any one of 100+ commits, 10+branches
70%
Any one of 70+ commits, 7+branches
50%
Any one of 50+ commits, 5+branches
30%
Any one of 30+ commits, 3+branches
0%
Less than 2 branches or less than 30 commits

5. Is the team public (not anonymous)? (Y/N)

Answer: Yes

For a "Yes" in this question, the real names of some team members must be public on the website or other documentation (LinkedIn, etc). If the team is anonymous, then this question is a "No".

Documentation

69%

This section looks at the software documentation. The document explaining these questions is here.

6. Is there a whitepaper? (Y/N)

Answer: Yes

7. Are the basic software functions documented? (Y/N)

Answer: Yes

The basic software functions are covered by the documentation.

8. Does the software function documentation fully (100%) cover the deployed contracts? (%)

Answer: 80%

Instadapp documents the software functions of all their major mainnet contracts, except for the Implementations contracts in addition to the TimeLock and Governance contracts.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
All contracts and functions documented
80%
Only the major functions documented
79 - 1%
Estimate of the level of software documentation
0%
No software documentation

9. Are there sufficiently detailed comments for all functions within the deployed contract code (%)

Answer: 0%

Code examples are in the Appendix. As per the SLOC, there is 17% commenting to code (CtC).

The Comments to Code (CtC) ratio is the primary metric for this score.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
CtC > 100 Useful comments consistently on all code
90 - 70%
CtC > 70 Useful comment on most code
60 - 20%
CtC > 20 Some useful commenting
0%
CtC < 20 No useful commenting

10. Is it possible to trace from software documentation to the implementation in code (%)

Answer: 40%

Instadapp lists all of their functions and describes their use cases without providing a visual representation of their implementation within the protocol's source code. Although they do this for their SDK guide amongst others, they do not do this for their main smart contracts.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Clear explicit traceability between code and documentation at a requirement level for all code
60%
Clear association between code and documents via non explicit traceability
40%
Documentation lists all the functions and describes their functions
0%
No connection between documentation and code

Testing

23%

11. Full test suite (Covers all the deployed code) (%)

Answer: 0%

Code examples are in the Appendix. As per the SLOC, there is 3% testing to code (TtC).

This score is guided by the Test to Code ratio (TtC). Generally a good test to code ratio is over 100%. However the reviewers best judgement is the final deciding factor.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
TtC > 120% Both unit and system test visible
80%
TtC > 80% Both unit and system test visible
40%
TtC < 80% Some tests visible
0%
No tests obvious

12. Code coverage (Covers all the deployed lines of code, or explains misses) (%)

Answer: 30%

An OpenZeppelin audit mentions "sparse" code coverage, which indicates tests have been run, but given the TtC value these tests are incomplete.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Documented full coverage
99 - 51%
Value of test coverage from documented results
50%
No indication of code coverage but clearly there is a reasonably complete set of tests
30%
Some tests evident but not complete
0%
No test for coverage seen

13. Scripts and instructions to run the tests? (Y/N)

Answer: Yes

Scripts/Instructions location: https://github.com/InstaDApp/smart-contract

14. Report of the results (%)

Answer: 0%

No test report was found.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Detailed test report as described below
70%
GitHub code coverage report visible
0%
No test report evident

15. Formal Verification test done (%)

Answer: 0%

No formal verification could be found.

16. Stress Testing environment (%)

Answer: 100%

Evidence of testing on the Kovan testnet could be found.

Security

94%

This section looks at the 3rd party software audits done. It is explained in this document.

17. Did 3rd Party audits take place? (%)

Answer: 100%

PeckShield and Samczsun have conducted a total of 3 audits over the past 18 months.    Although only one of these audits was performed before the Instadapp v2 mainnet launch, the persistent publishing of pre-launch smart contract audit reports proves that the protocol rigorously checks their code before release at any occasion, hence the 100% score for this metric.    Notes On V2 Audit Report:    Instadapp has confirmed but not resolved the low-severity issue of lack of sanity checks highlighted by the PeckShield team. A heightened frequency of these checks would be needed in order to properly validate the argument length of the updateConnectors() function within the InstaConnectorsV2 contract. Not regularly performing the needed sanity checks could lead to outdated internal mapping of the connectors which could result in lack of optimization and potential bugs.    PeckShield has underlined a medium-risk issue where Instadapp has a weakness in their master contract where connectors are added with the potential to execute the code of users' smart accounts via the delegateCall() function. This would effectively allow the access and management of user asserts. However, Instadapp has said that they would implement PeckShield's recommendation of governing this master contract via a DAO. However, there is no clear evidence that this has actually been implemented within the smart contracts' code.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Multiple Audits performed before deployment and results public and implemented or not required
90%
Single audit performed before deployment and results public and implemented or not required
70%
Audit(s) performed after deployment and no changes required. Audit report is public
50%
Audit(s) performed after deployment and changes needed but not implemented
20%
No audit performed
0%
Audit Performed after deployment, existence is public, report is not public and no improvements deployed OR smart contract address not found, (where question 1 is 0%)
Deduct 25% if code is in a private repo and no note from auditors that audit is applicable to deployed code.

18. Is the bug bounty acceptable high? (%)

Answer: 50%

Instadapp's bug bounty program rewards up to $50,000 and is active.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Bounty is 10% TVL or at least $1M AND active program (see below)
90%
Bounty is 5% TVL or at least 500k AND active program
80%
Bounty is 5% TVL or at least 500k
70%
Bounty is 100k or over AND active program
60%
Bounty is 100k or over
50%
Bounty is 50k or over AND active program
40%
Bounty is 50k or over
20%
Bug bounty program bounty is less than 50k
0%
No bug bounty program offered
An active program means that a third party (such as Immunefi) is actively driving hackers to the site. An inactive program would be static mentions on the docs.

Access Controls

57%

This section covers the documentation of special access controls for a DeFi protocol. The admin access controls are the contracts that allow updating contracts or coefficients in the protocol. Since these contracts can allow the protocol admins to "change the rules", complete disclosure of capabilities is vital for user's transparency. It is explained in this document.

19. Can a user clearly and quickly find the status of the access controls (%)

Answer: 40%

The OpenZeppelin audit contains information detailing the access controls, but this was not mentioned in the docs. There is also additional DAO information in their blog article about governance.​

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
Clearly labelled and on website, docs or repo, quick to find
70%
Clearly labelled and on website, docs or repo but takes a bit of looking
40%
Access control docs in multiple places and not well labelled
20%
Access control docs in multiple places and not labelled
0%
Admin Control information could not be found

20. Is the information clear and complete (%)

Answer: 90%
  • All contracts are clearly labelled as upgrade able (or not) -- 30% -- the docs detail which contracts are upgradeable.  - The type of Ownership is clearly indicated as MicroDAO has partial ownership  - The capabilities for change in the contracts are described -- 30% -- contract upgradeability will be decided by the DAO        

Percentage Score Guidance:
All the contracts are immutable -- 100% OR
a) All contracts are clearly labelled as upgradeable (or not) -- 30% AND
b) The type of ownership is clearly indicated (OnlyOwner / MultiSig / Defined Roles) -- 30% AND
c) The capabilities for change in the contracts are described -- 30%

21. Is the information in non-technical terms that pertain to the investments (%)

Answer: 90%

The description of the access controls is very well explained in Instadapp's blog article about their DAO-based governance. Users are clearly updated on the fact that they now govern the protocol, and why their funds are safer this way.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
All the contracts are immutable
90%
Description relates to investments safety and updates in clear, complete non-software language
30%
Description all in software specific language
0%
No admin control information could be found

22. Is there Pause Control documentation including records of tests (%)

Answer: 0%

Pause control information could not be found.

Percentage Score Guidance:
100%
All the contracts are immutable or no pause control needed and this is explained OR Pause control(s) are clearly documented and there is records of at least one test within 3 months
80%
Pause control(s) explained clearly but no evidence of regular tests
40%
Pause controls mentioned with no detail on capability or tests
0%
Pause control not documented or explained

Appendices

 The author of this review is Rex of DeFi Safety.

Email: rex@defisafety.com
Twitter: @defisafety

I started with Ethereum just before the DAO and that was a wonderful education.  It showed the importance of code quality. The second Parity hack also showed the importance of good process.  Here my aviation background offers some value. Aerospace knows how to make reliable code using quality processes.
I was coaxed to go to EthDenver 2018 and there I started SecuEth.org with Bryant and Roman. We created guidelines on good processes for blockchain code development. We got EthFoundation funding to assist in their development Process Quality Reviews are an extension of the SecurEth guidelines that will further increase the quality processes in Solidity and Vyper development. DeFiSafety is my full time gig and we are working on funding vehicles for a permanent staff.

1pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
2pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;
34/**
5 * @title InstaAccount.
6 * @dev DeFi Smart Account Wallet.
7 */
89interface IndexInterface {
10    function connectors(uint version) external view returns (address);
11    function check(uint version) external view returns (address);
12    function list() external view returns (address);
13}
1415interface ConnectorsInterface {
16    function isConnector(address[] calldata logicAddr) external view returns (bool);
17    function isStaticConnector(address[] calldata logicAddr) external view returns (bool);
18}
1920interface CheckInterface {
21    function isOk() external view returns (bool);
22}
2324interface ListInterface {
25    function addAuth(address user) external;
26    function removeAuth(address user) external;
27}
282930contract Record {
3132    event LogEnable(address indexed user);
33    event LogDisable(address indexed user);
34    event LogSwitchShield(bool _shield);
3536    // InstaIndex Address.
37    address public immutable instaIndex;
38    // The Account Module Version.
39    uint public constant version = 1;
40    // Auth Module(Address of Auth => bool).
41    mapping (address => bool) private auth;
42    // Is shield true/false.
43    bool public shield;
4445    constructor (address _instaIndex) {
46        instaIndex = _instaIndex;
47    }
4849    /**
50     * @dev Check for Auth if enabled.
51     * @param user address/user/owner.
52     */
53    function isAuth(address user) public view returns (bool) {
54        return auth[user];
55    }
5657    /**
58     * @dev Change Shield State.
59    */
60    function switchShield(bool _shield) external {
61        require(auth[msg.sender], "not-self");
62        require(shield != _shield, "shield is set");
63        shield = _shield;
64        emit LogSwitchShield(shield);
65    }
6667    /**
68     * @dev Enable New User.
69     * @param user Owner of the Smart Account.
70    */
71    function enable(address user) public {
72        require(msg.sender == address(this) || msg.sender == instaIndex, "not-self-index");
73        require(user != address(0), "not-valid");
74        require(!auth[user], "already-enabled");
75        auth[user] = true;
76        ListInterface(IndexInterface(instaIndex).list()).addAuth(user);
77        emit LogEnable(user);
78    }
7980    /**
81     * @dev Disable User.
82     * @param user Owner of the Smart Account.
83    */
84    function disable(address user) public {
85        require(msg.sender == address(this), "not-self");
86        require(user != address(0), "not-valid");
87        require(auth[user], "already-disabled");
88        delete auth[user];
89        ListInterface(IndexInterface(instaIndex).list()).removeAuth(user);
90        emit LogDisable(user);
91    }
9293}
9495contract InstaAccount is Record {
9697    constructor (address _instaIndex) public Record(_instaIndex) {
98    }
99100    event LogCast(address indexed origin, address indexed sender, uint value);
101102    receive() external payable {}
103104     /*
105     * @dev Delegate the calls to Connector And this function is ran by cast().
106     * @param _target Target to of Connector.
107     * @param _data CallData of function in Connector.
108    */
109    function spell(address _target, bytes memory _data) internal {
110        require(_target != address(0), "target-invalid");
111        assembly {
112            let succeeded := delegatecall(gas(), _target, add(_data, 0x20), mload(_data), 0, 0)
113114            switch iszero(succeeded)
115                case 1 {
116                    // throw if delegatecall failed
117                    let size := returndatasize()
118                    returndatacopy(0x00, 0x00, size)
119                    revert(0x00, size)
120                }
121        }
122    }
123124    /*
125     * @dev This is the main function, Where all the different functions are called
126     * from Smart Account.
127     * @param _targets Array of Target(s) to of Connector.
128     * @param _datas Array of Calldata(S) of function.
129    */
130    function cast(
131        address[] calldata _targets,
132        bytes[] calldata _datas,
133        address _origin
134    )
135    external
136    payable
137    {
138        require(isAuth(msg.sender) || msg.sender == instaIndex, "permission-denied");
139        require(_targets.length == _datas.length , "array-length-invalid");
140        IndexInterface indexContract = IndexInterface(instaIndex);
141        bool isShield = shield;
142        if (!isShield) {
143            require(ConnectorsInterface(indexContract.connectors(version)).isConnector(_targets), "not-connector");
144        } else {
145            require(ConnectorsInterface(indexContract.connectors(version)).isStaticConnector(_targets), "not-static-connector");
146        }
147        for (uint i = 0; i < _targets.length; i++) {
148            spell(_targets[i], _datas[i]);
149        }
150        address _check = indexContract.check(version);
151        if (_check != address(0) && !isShield) require(CheckInterface(_check).isOk(), "not-ok");
152        emit LogCast(_origin, msg.sender, msg.value);
153    }
154155}

Solidity Contracts

Language
Files
Lines
Blanks
Comments
Code
Complexity
Solidity
319
9309
1529
1120
6660
440

Comments to Code: 1120 / 6660 =  17 %

JavaScript Tests

Language
Files
Lines
Blanks
Comments
Code
Complexity
JavaScript
4
280
38
35
207
17

Tests to Code: 207 / 6660 = 3 %